Undescended Testis

Undescended testicle is one of the most common defect in male genitalia. An undescended testicle is also called cryptorchidism ie. testies has not moved in its proper position that is scrotum at the time of birth. usually one testicle is effected but in 10% of the time both testicle are undescended.
An undescended testicle is more common among premature male babies
In roughly around 5% testicle gets arrested in abdominal cavity after formation.

what are the symptoms of undescended testicle?

When testicle not being seen or felt in the scrotum, its the main sign of undescended testicle.
The other entity in some boys are called retractile testicle.
the difference between two, are an undescended testicle stays up an can not be manipulated to the bese of scrotum.

what are the reason for surgery in undescended testicle.

undescended testicle gets atrophy due to high temperature.
undescended testicle are more prone for tumor, torsion ,trauma.
so the surgical intervention in undescended testicle showd be done at around age of 9 to 12 months.

The treatment of undescended testicle is surgical intervention ie orchidopexy, done by laparoscrope or by open technique depending on location of testis.
The recommended age of doing surgery is about 6 months and not after 12 months of age.
Early surgical intervention appears to  lower the risk of complications like trauma, tumor, torsion and atrophy.